Monday, March 28, 2011

FAQs - SAP ENqueue Lock


[1] Question: How large can and should the lock table be configured?

Às of Release 4.0 the default size for the lock table is 4 MB. For medium-sized systems this value is absolutely sufficient. As of 4.6, it appears that a size of 10-20 MB is required for some background jobs, and a size of 32-200 MB may be required for large systems, although this is the exception. As a lock table that is too small causes transaction terminations, but resources for the lock table are relatively low, a size of 20 MB should be specified initially. no further changes are generally required to the layout of the shared memories with this size (except for AIX 32 bit). You can enter this setting using the profile parameter: enque/table_size = 20000

You can monitor the lock table in transaction SM12 via the menu option "Extras -> Statistics".

The lock table is a shared memory, not a database table.

[2] Question: What does the expired queue time in the syslog mean for locks?

Locks can usually only be set in the R/3 system if they are available. If an object is already locked, requests to lock it are refused and the error message " ... locked by user ..." is issued. This prevents the dead lock situations familiar from databases. However, a job should not terminate in background processing if a lock happens to be unavailable. In such cases, the locks are requested with the addition "and wait". The queue time incurred is then logged in the syslog. The maximum queue time is set using the profile parameter enque/delay_max.

[3] Question: How does communication take place in lock management?

This question is especially important for troubleshooting since it indicates the characters at which errors can occur. In the Central Instance, all work processes can access the lock table directly. Therefore, the ENQ work process is not needed, and so no communication occurs.

An application server sets and deletes locks via the Message Server. There is therefore communication from work process-> dispatcher->server -> dispatcher -> ENQ work process. The lock table is read by RFC, that is, work process-> dialog process -> gateway-> gateway-> dialog process -> dialog process. Here again, the ENQ process is not required, although two dialog processes are needed for RFC communication. Central instances with few dialog processes can be overloaded quickly in this way. The same also applies to pure background or update server processing. The number of dialog work processes must therefore be at least as high as the number of remaining processes.

[4] Question: What are "black" and "blue" locks?

Black locks are normal transaction locks. Blue locks are inherited by the update system and deleted with the corresponding update request. Blue locks are also saved in the file system and restored when the system is restarted.
 

Important SAP Security Tables

 
Table Description
USR02 Logon data
USR04 User master authorization (one row per user)
UST04 User profiles (multiple rows per user)
USR10 Authorisation profiles (i.e. &_SAP_ALL)
UST10C Composit profiles (i.e. profile has sub profile)
USR11 Text for authorisation profiles
USR12 Authorisation values
USR13 Short text for authorisation
USR40 Tabl for illegal passwords
USGRP User groups
USGRPT Text table for USGRP
USH02 Change history for logon data
USR01 User Master (runtime data)
USER_ADDR Address Data for users
AGR_1016 Name of the activity group profile
AGR_1016B Name of the activity group profile
AGR_1250 Authorization data for the activity group
AGR_1251 Authorization data for the activity group
AGR_1252 Organizational elements for authorizations
AGR_AGRS Roles in Composite Roles
AGR_DEFINE Role definition
AGR_HIER2 Menu structure information - Customer vers
AGR_HIERT Role menu texts
AGR_OBJ Assignment of Menu Nodes to Role
AGR_PROF Profile name for role
AGR_TCDTXT Assignment of roles to Tcodes
AGR_TEXTS File Structure for Hierarchical Menu - Cus
AGR_TIME Time Stamp for Role: Including profile
AGR_USERS Assignment of roles to users
USOBT Relation transaction to authorization object (SAP)
USOBT_C Relation Transaction to Auth. Object (Customer)
USOBX Check table for table USOBT
USOBXFLAGS Temporary table for storing USOBX/T* chang
USOBX_C Check Table for Table USOBT_C
 

Performing a Mass Generation of Profiles (SUPC)


You can use the mass profile generation transaction to determine which roles already have authorization profiles. You can also perform a mass generation of roles or generate the missing role authorization profiles for roles in the background.
 

You will need the following authorizations to use Transaction SUPC:

·        User master maintenance: Authorization Profile (S_USER_PRO)

·        User master maintenance: Authorizations (S_USER_AUT)

·        Authorization system: Check for roles (S_USER_AGR)

 

Procedure

       1.      In role maintenance (transaction SUPC), choose Utilities ® Mass Generation in the role maintenance (transaction SUPC).

       2.      Specify the desired selection criteria.

To generate all profiles to be generated automatically (last checkbox), you can further restrict the role selection in the next screen.

 

 
 

Determining Users with the Users Node


There are a number of evaluation options available to you using the Users node. These are explained below.

·        Cross-System Information

·        Users by Address Data (RSUSR002_ADDRESS)

 
You perform the procedure for evaluating with generic input options (placeholder asterisk and multiple selection). To obtain a result, the corresponding criteria, such as room, must be maintained in the user data.

·        Users by Complex Selection Criteria (RSUSR002)

·        By Critical Combinations of Authorizations at Transaction Start (RSUSR008)

·        With incorrect logon attempts (RSUSR006)

 
This evaluation is started immediately without additional selection criteria when you choose Execute in the User Information System. The result list displays all users with incorrect logon attempts:

¡        Number of incorrect logon attempts (users that are not locked)

¡        Users locked due to incorrect logon attempts

¡        Users locked by administration

¡        Users locked globally in the central system (if you are using CUA)

¡        Users locked locally and globally by the administration (if you are using CUA)

 
This evaluation also displays the date and time of the last logon.

·        By logon date and password change (RSUSR200)

·        With critical authorizations (RSUSR009)

·        With Critical Authorizations (New Version) (RSUSR008_009_NEW)
 

SAP Security FAQs - Application Level Security


What does the certification ITSEC E2 medium (SAP's security certification) mean?

SAP has received the ITSEC security certificate from the German Federal Office for Security in Information Technology (Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik (BSI)).
SAP R/3 4.0B has been evaluated according to the Information Technology Security Evaluation Criteria (ITSEC) Version 2.1, June 1991 and the IT Security Evaluation Manual (ITSEM) Version 1.0, September 1993. The evaluation result was E2/Medium.
The certificate is recognized in the following countries: Germany, Finland, France, Great Britain, Italy, Holland, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, and Spain.
The ITSEC classification F-C2, E2 corresponds to the US TCSEC (Orange Book) classification C2. You can find further information on the ITSEC certification under the alias
Security on the SAP Service Marketplace and in SAP Note 0077462.

Where do I get information about partners?

First, see the partner directory on the SAP Service Marketplace using the alias /partnerdir. Second, you can e-mail a question to security@sap.com with your details and we will try to answer your questions about partners.

Can specific transactions be allowed or disallowed on the backend?

This should be administered through a qualified authorization concept. All transactions you wish to give to a user should be integrated into a role using the Profile Generator (transaction PFCG). More information is provided by the training course CA940 (SAP R/3 Authorization Concept).

What security-related training courses are there?

BC940 (Security and Auditing), CA940 (SAP R/3 Authorization Concept), HR307 (Technical aspects in HR, one chapter concerning authorizations in HR), BC305 (Advanced System Administration, chapters about CUA, CCMS and auditing). In addition to the training offered by SAP, there are a variety of partners providing training in fields like Public Key Infrastructures and directory integration.

Where can I find more information about mySAP Technology for Security?

Use the aliases /Security and /Securityguide on the SAP Service Marketplace. You can also use the general e-mail Service@sap.com.
See also: composite SAP Note 30724.

Which Quick Links on the SAP Service Marketplace (http://service.sap.com) are relevant for Security?

/Security (Information and literature about all security topics)
/TCS (Information about the SAP Trust Center Service)
/AIS (Information about SAP's Audit Information System)
/Securityguide (Download the SAP Security Guide)
/Systemmanagement (Computer Center Management System (CCMS); a tool for System Monitoring and Alert Management)
/Securityconsulting (Consulting services from SAP concerning security)

You might also want to have a look on the website of SAPLabs, Palo Alto:
wwwtech.saplabs.com/guidebooks. There are downloads of predefined roles available as well as info and downloads of the "Made Easy Guide Books" one of which is the "Authorizations Made Easy 4.6A/B Guide Book" explaining the Profile Generator and how to set up authorizations in detail.

Is there information available on a security review by SAP (costs, benefit, and so on)?

Refer to SAP Deutschland AG&Co.KG´s (SAP LGD) Security Consulting service (alias Securityconsulting on the SAP Service Marketplace).

 


SAP Security FAQs - Trust Relationship Management



How can I use a Single Sign On logon other than the SAP system logon with username and password (for example with Active Directory integration)?

For more information, see the documentation on "Pluggable Authentication Services" available at http://service.sap.com/security -> Security in Detail -> Trust Relationship Management -> Pluggable Authentication Services.

The document describes, for example, how you can use the Microsoft Windows NT/Windows 2000 standard logon as a Single Sign-On for SAP systems (including Employee Self-Service (ESS) systems). The Windows 2000 standard logon uses Active Directory. If you are using special user attributes through a direct access to Active Directory, you can still provide your own authentication service by attaching your library to the Pluggable Authentication Service interface on the ITS Agate component of your SAP ESS installation.

How do I use SSO for SAP and non-SAP web applications?

You can use SSO with non-SAP web applications by using mySAP Logon Tickets. After the first authentication (by the mySAP Workplace), the ticket is sent with each URL call. This means that your (non-SAP) applications also receive a ticket. This ticket can be verified. You can find sample programs for reading and checking tickets in the download area of the MiniApp community page (using Quick Link: miniapp). Please be aware that if you have two IIS instances running on two servers IIS_number1 and IIS_number2, they must be in the same webserver domain, such as

·          server1.workplace.yourcompany.com

·          server2.workplace.yourcompany.com.

SAP Passports - where can I learn more about it?

On SAP Service Marketplace you can find a detailed description of the process in the presentation "SAP Passports - How to Get Started". To test SAP passport functionality in your SAP Workplace, please generate a Certificate Request (CR) and send a message on component BC-SEC to SAP via SAPNet R/3 Frontend (OSS) or SAP Service Marketplace. We will send you the necessary certificate for your Registration Authority (RA).

How do Pluggable Authentication Service and X.509 certificates work together?

The Pluggable Authentication Service (PAS) is a way for the mySAP Workplace 2.11 to use external authentication, for example, by reusing the Windows NT logon (the user does not need to enter an additional username/password for the mySAP Workplace 2.11) for internal usage or, for example, for using Radius (SecurID Cards) for external usage of the mySAP Workplace as a portal. If you want to use certificate-based authentication, SAP components (as of SAP R/3 4.5) do not require PAS, since they natively support certificate authentication.

Do I need a license for Pluggable Authentication Service (PAS)?

Customers no longer need to license the mySAP Workplace to be able to use PAS. All they need is an ITS, which is free of charge.

What do I need to do to install and configure the Pluggable Authentication Service (PAS)?

In short, you need:
   - To install/modify an ITS service (SAP-proprietary)
   - To install/modify the HTML logon template (standard HTML)
   - In certain cases: write a DLL for connecting an external authentication server (such as Netegrity Siteminder, and so on)
For more information, see
www.service.sap.com/security -> Security in Detail -> Trust Relationship Management ->Pluggable Authentication Service.

Does SAP offer a Trust Center?

Yes. For more information, see the SAP Service Marketplace using the alias /TCS. SAP offers client certificates, server certificates, for example, for Secure Socket Layer, and router certificates for service connections through SAPRouter.

What are trusted systems?

Trusted systems are systems with a relationship of trust between them. For example, if you have set up a trusted relationship between system A and system B, so that system A trusts system B, a user that has logged onto system A can start a transaction in system B without entering a password but using the user ID from system A. (This is important since a user ID and password in an RFC destination means that all connections result in the same user ID connecting.)

Where is the SAP Passport physically stored?

Passports are stored wherever the browser stores its certificates. In the case of Microsoft Internet Explorer, this is the registry. You can usually also replace the browser storage using a third party product, for example a smart card or a central Personal Security Environment (PSE) server.

What is Kerberos?

Kerberos is a network authentication protocol developed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). It is designed to provide strong authentication for client/server applications by using secret-key cryptography. The Kerberos protocol uses strong cryptography so that a client can prove its identity to a server (and the server to a client) across an insecure network connection. After a client and server has used Kerberos to prove their identity, they can also encrypt all of their communications to assure privacy and data integrity as they go about their business. (Source: http://web.mit.edu/kerberos/www/ )

How do I integrate an external product like Kerberos into Secure Network Communication from SAP?

Secure Network Communication (SNC) is an SAP protocol that interfaces with security products such as Kerberos through the Generic Security Services Application Programming Interface (GSS API), in the context of SAP. Each SNC node needs to have a Personal Security Environment (PSE), where a key pair is stored, as well as public key certificates from other SNC nodes, and CA trust hierarchies, certification revocation lists, and so on. You also need to download a Kerberos GSS API package.

 


SAP Security FAQs - System Management

 

What are Secure Network Communication and Secure Socket Layer?

Secure Network Communication (SNC) is an interface that enables you to secure communication paths between SAP system components. Strong authentication, integrity protection, and privacy protection is provided. The actual protection is provided by an external security product that is available to the SAP system using the SNC interface. The interface complies with the Internet standard Generic Security Services Application Programming Interface (GSS API) version 2. The default product provided by SAP is the SAP Cryptographic Library, which you can use for SNC between SAP system server components.

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is an Internet standard protocol developed by Netscape that is used to secure communications across the Internet. The SSL protocol layer exists between the network layer protocol (for example, TCP/IP) and the application layer protocol (for example, HTTP). The protocol uses public key technology to secure the communication between a client and a server. The SSL protocol provides encrypted connections, SSL server authentication, SSL client authentication, and SSL mutual authentication (both server and client authentication).


To access Internet addresses that use SSL connections, you use URLs starting with HTTPS: instead of HTTP:. For more information, see:
http://www.netscape.com/security/techbriefs/ssl.html or
http://developer.netscape.com/docs/manuals/security/sslin/contents.htm

When and for what are SNC licenses required?

The SAP Crypto Software is free of charge for SNC implementations between SAP servers. The customer must purchase additional licenses from our partners for SNC implementations between the frontend and SAP server.

You use SNC principally to encrypt the communication channel. If the customer wants encrypted communication between the frontend and the SAP server and uses the WinGUI, the customer must purchase additional SNC licenses. This is also the case for Single Sign-On with WinGUI and the SAP server, which can only be implemented using SNC. If the customer uses Web-based access to SAP systems (using the WebGUI), the customer does not require additional licenses for Single Sign-On (this is implemented without SNC) and encryption between the frontend and the SAP server (this uses SSL).

Since when is it possible to secure RFC connections using Secure Network Communication?

Since SAP R/3 4.0.

What can I do to audit my system?

There are various mechanisms to audit your system described in the SAP WebASecurity Guide and the Audit Information System.(Transactions SM19, RZ20, RZ21 or SECR).

Does SAP require that all servers are run behind a firewall?

The realization of an independent SAP security concept is possible because SAP provides an application infrastructure with its own server and frontend components. Wherever possible, this concept is based on ensuring general end-to-end security. That is why no specific security components such as firewalls, reverse-proxies, or virtual private networks are presupposed. However, SAP does not have its own operating system and does support databases from other vendors, who are responsible for their own security concepts and mechanisms.

The SAP Security Guide explains in detail what precautions are necessary at operating system and database level to minimize the weaknesses of these components. This includes, for example, the separation of the administrators for the operating system, for the SAP system and for the database, the protection of the program and configuration files of the SAP system and the operating sytem, as well as the secure configuration of the network functions of the operating system. The SAP Security Guide can be found on the SAP Service Marketplace alias securityguide.

When using Single Sign-On products, is it possible to ensure that certain systems can only be accessed from specifc PCs?

You can do this using SAProuter (even without SNC). With SAProuter, you can control which IP addresses (client PCs) can access an SAP system, using an access control list.

What does the SAP Router do in the SAP secure environment?

The SAP Router is a program (executable file) that is included on the installation CD. Basically, the SAP Router regulates who (which address) is allowed to go to where (another address). This is configured in a number of files. More information is provided by the training course BC305 (Advanced R/3 System Administration).

Which algorithms are provided by the sapcryptolib?

The sapcryptolib implements the following interfaces: SSL, SNC, and SSF (without encryption). The algorithms that are used depends on the interface and protocol.

For SSL the SAPCRYPTOLIP needs an RSA-PSE. The following ordered list of ciphersuites from server and client is offered to the peer during the SSL handshake:

1. SSL_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA
2. SSL_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5
3. SSL_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA
4. SSL_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA
5. SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA
6. SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC2_CBC_40_MD5
7. SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5
8. SSL_RSA_WITH_NULL_SHA
9. SSL_RSA_WITH_NULL_MD5

For SNC/GSS-API you also need an RSA-PSE. The RSA procedure is used for authentication and key exchange. The connection is encrypted with 3DES-EDE "Triple-DES".

When creating a PSE for RSA keys 1024-bits are used per default, for DSA keys 512- bits are used per default. The DSA keys in the SAPCrypto are only used for the electronic signature of the SAPSECU (signed URLs for content server, SSO2 ticket)

A complete list of the implemented algorithms follows:

SYM_ENC Algorithms

rc2CBC

OID 1.2.840.113549.3.2, ?? Unidentified parameter:

rc4

OID 1.2.840.113549.3.4, NULL parameter

DES-ECB

OID 1.3.14.3.2.6, NULL parameter

DES-CBC

OID 1.3.14.3.2.7, Parameter DES-IV (default zeros)

DES3-CBC

OID 1.3.36.3.1.3.2.1, Parameter DES-IV (default zeros)

DES3-CBC-buggy

OID 1.3.36.3.1.3.2, Parameter DES-IV (default zeros)

DES-EDE

OID 1.3.14.3.2.17, NULL parameter

DES-EDE3-CBC

OID 1.2.840.113549.3.7, Parameter DES-IV (default zeros)

desECB

Same algorithm as DES-ECB

desCBC

Same algorithm as DES-CBC

desEDE

Same algorithm as DES-EDE

desCBC_pad

OID 1.3.36.3.1.5, Parameter DES-IV (default zeros)

desCBC_no_pad

OID 1.3.36.3.1.26, Parameter DES-IV (default zeros)

desECB3

Same algorithm as DES-EDE

desCBC3

Same algorithm as DES3-CBC

desCBC3_pad

OID 1.3.36.3.1.13, Parameter DES-IV (default zeros)

NullEncryption

OID 1.3.36.3.1.38, NULL parameter

DES-CBC-ISO0

OID 1.3.36.3.1.1.4.1.2, Parameter DES-IV (default zeros)

DES-CBC-ISO1

OID 1.3.36.3.1.1.4.1.1, Parameter DES-IV (default zeros)

DES3-CBC-ISO0

OID 1.3.36.3.1.3.4.1.2, Parameter DES-IV (default zeros)

DES3-CBC-ISO1

OID 1.3.36.3.1.3.4.1.1, Parameter DES-IV (default zeros)

desCBC3_nopad

OID 1.3.36.3.1.13.1, Parameter DES-IV (default zeros)

DES-EDE3-CBC-nopad

OID 1.2.840.113549.3.7.1, Parameter DES-IV (default zeros)

rc2CBC_nopad

OID 1.2.840.113549.3.2.1, ?? Unidentified parameter:

AES128-ECB

OID 2.16.840.1.101.3.4.1.1, NULL parameter

AES128-CBC

OID 2.16.840.1.101.3.4.1.2, Parameter DES-IV (default zeros)

AES192-ECB

OID 2.16.840.1.101.3.4.1.21, NULL parameter

AES192-CBC

OID 2.16.840.1.101.3.4.1.22, Parameter DES-IV (default zeros)

AES256-ECB

OID 2.16.840.1.101.3.4.1.41, NULL parameter

AES256-CBC

OID 2.16.840.1.101.3.4.1.42, Parameter DES-IV (default zeros)

 

ASYM_ENC Algorithms

RSA

OID 1.2.840.113549.1.1.1, NULL parameter

rsa

OID 2.5.8.1.1, Parameter Keysize (default 512)

encISO9796-2Withrsa

OID 1.3.36.7.2.1, NULL parameter

id-RSAES-OAEP

OID 1.2.840.113549.1.1.7, ?? Unidentified parameter

 

HASH Algorithms

RSA-MD2

OID 1.2.840.113549.2.2, NULL parameter

RSA-MD4

OID 1.2.840.113549.2.4, NULL parameter

RSA-MD5

OID 1.2.840.113549.2.5, NULL parameter

NIST-SHA

OID 1.3.14.3.2.18, NULL parameter

SHA-1

OID 1.3.14.3.2.26, NULL parameter

md2

Same algorithm as RSA-MD2

md4

Same algorithm as RSA-MD4

md5

Same algorithm as RSA-MD5

RIPEMD-160

OID 1.3.36.3.2.1, NULL parameter

ripemd160

Same algorithm as RIPEMD-160

sha

Same algorithm as NIST-SHA

sha1

Same algorithm as SHA-1

 

SIG Algorithms

NIST-DSA

OID 1.3.14.3.2.12, Parameter p, q, g

md5-DES-CBC

OID 1.3.6.1.5.3.1, Parameter DES-IV (default zeros)

md5-DES-CBC3

OID 1.3.36.3.1.33, Parameter DES-IV (default zeros)

md5-IDEA

OID 1.3.36.3.1.31, NULL parameter

md2WithRsa

OID 1.3.14.7.2.3.1, NULL parameter

md4WithRsa

OID 1.3.14.3.2.2, NULL parameter

md5WithRsa

OID 1.3.14.3.2.3, NULL parameter

sigS_ISO9796-2Withsha1

OID 1.3.36.3.4.2.2.1, NULL parameter

sigS_ISO9796-2Withripemd160

OID 1.3.36.3.4.2.2.2, NULL parameter

sigS_ISO9796-2rndWithsha1

OID 1.3.36.3.4.3.2.1, NULL parameter

sigS_ISO9796-2rndWithripemd160

OID 1.3.36.3.4.3.2.2, NULL parameter

shaWithRSASignature

OID 1.3.14.3.2.15, NULL parameter

sha1WithRSASignature

OID 1.3.14.3.2.29, NULL parameter

ecdsa-with-SHA1

OID 1.2.840.10045.4.1, ?? Unidentified parameter:

rsaSignatureWithsha1

OID 1.3.36.3.3.1.1, NULL parameter

dsa

Same algorithm as NIST-DSA

id-ecPublicKey

OID 1.2.840.10045.2.1, ?? Unidentified parameter

dsaWithSHA

OID 1.3.14.3.2.13, Parameter p, q, g

dsaWithSHA1

OID 1.3.14.3.2.27, Parameter p, q, g

dsaCommon

OID 1.3.14.3.2.20, NULL parameter

dsaCommonWithSHA

OID 1.3.14.3.2.21, NULL parameter

dsaCommonWithSHA1

OID 1.3.14.3.2.28, NULL parameter

md2WithRsaEncryption

OID 1.2.840.113549.1.1.2, NULL parameter

md4WithRsaEncryption

OID 1.3.14.3.2.4, NULL parameter

md5WithRsaEncryption

OID 1.2.840.113549.1.1.4, NULL parameter

sha1WithRsaEncryption

OID 1.2.840.113549.1.1.5, NULL parameter

md2WithRsaTimeDate

OID 1.3.36.3.1.22, NULL parameter

md4WithRsaTimeDate

OID 1.3.36.3.1.24, NULL parameter

md5WithRsaTimeDate

OID 1.3.36.3.1.25, NULL parameter

md5WithRsa_TelesecSig

OID 0.2.262.1.10.1.1.4, NULL parameter

id-dsa-with-sha1

OID 1.2.840.10040.4.3, No parameter

id-dsa

OID 1.2.840.10040.4.1, Parameter p, q, g

 

KEY AGREEMENT Algorithms

dhKeyAgreement

OID 1.2.840.113549.1.3.1, Parameter p, a

dhWithCommonModulus

OID 1.3.14.3.2.16, NULL parameter

When I attempt to download a copy of the SAP Cryptographic Libray, the download site contains a message about Export Control Regulations, but no link to download the library. How do I download the SAP Cryptographic library?

This download process on the SAP Service Marketplace has been developed specially, and has a very special mechanism. This ensures that SAP knows who has downloaded the software, - a flag is set internally in an SAP customer database after the download is complete. SAP AG needs to report to the German government offices who has received the software, because it contains cryptographic elements. This is one of the German export regulations.
This is also the reason why SAP employees see only the screen with the export regulation restrictions that says that they are not allowed to download the software. The SAP Service Marketplace knows (because of your login) that you are an SAP employee and are not allowed to download the software. Customers are also not allowed to download the software if either of the two conditions below is not met:

1.    The customer's COUNTRY must be released for download in our customer database, otherwise no customer in that country can download the software.

2.    The non-military flag is set in the customer record in the SAP customer database.

In the SAP customer database, where the customer records are maintained, there is a flag for "Non-military company". Every local SAP country organization has to verify for each customer whether that company is a "Non-military" company. For more information, contact Thomas Koleyko from the Corporate Export department at SAP AG in Walldorf.

To allow the customer to download the SAP Cryptographic Library, set the "Non-military" flag in the customer record in the SAP customer database system. Only if this is set, can the company download the SAPCryptoLib. Of course, you should first check if you are allowed to set this flag for the company. Please wait one day after this flag is changed in the SAP customer database (ISP) system, as it must be distributed to the SAP Service Marketplace. For more information, see SAP Note 397175.

Is it possible to enforce different authentication mechanisms, such as allowing ordinary users to use user ID/password while system administrators and so on use strong authentication-like certificates?

Yes, this is possible. For more information, see the relevant passage in our SNC cookbook (especially snc/accept_insecure_gui = U), which you will find on the SAP Service Marketplace under http://service.sap.com/security -> Security in Detail -> Secure Management System -> Secure Network Communications, and SAP Notes 379081 and 142595.

What are the license conditions for the SAP-Cryptographic Library?

See SAP Note 597059:

The "SAP Cryptographic Library" (SAPCRYPTOLIB) is available in the SAP Service Marketplace (http://service.sap.com) for software downloading (export control, see Note 397175):

Select the Quick Link in the SAP Service Marketplace: http://service.sap.com/download, then follow the link to "SAP Cryptographic Software".

The following "License Disclaimer" is contained (LICENCE.TXT) in the CAR archives provided for download there:

<Beginnning of Disclaimer>

License Disclaimer for the SAPCRYPTOLIB (SAP's Cryptographic Library)

The SAP Cryptographic Library may only be used as an integral part of SAP products and not as part of other non-SAP products.

The legal use of the SAP Cryptographic Library for Secure Network Communications (SNC) is limited to securing backend server components provided by SAP or entitled SAP partners. The use of the SAP Cryptographic Library for SNC protected communications on a personal computer that runs client components (for example, SAP GUI for Windows or SAP GUI for JAVA) is not permitted.

The use of the SAP Cryptographic Library to secure the SAProuter communication when using the SAPNet - R/3 Frontend for remote support is permitted without restriction.

<End of Disclaimer>

The following explanations on the license conditions for using the "SAP Cryptographic Library" (SAPCRYPTOLIB) are intended to prevent any misunderstandings:

The SAPCRYPTOLIB can be used both as an SNC product and as an SSL Toolkit. The restrictions listed in the "License Disclaimer" apply to the use of the SNC.

No further restrictions apply to the use of the SAPCRYPTOLIB as an SSL implementation in all SAP products. In other words, the SAPCRYPTOLIB may be used both in server and in frontend components, including for the SSL backup of the communication of SAP products for SAP or non-SAP products.